Three years ago, it was held a startup of the first turn of Turkmen Lake “Altyn Asyr” that already today, allows utilizing more efficiently the collector-drain water, considerably increasing water reserves of the country and repeatedly using for the needs of the national economy.
Realization of the project on construction of the lake contributes to the carrying the collector-drain water (CDW) off the arable lands as well as creation of reserve stock of water that is the pledge of guaranteed development of agriculture in present and future. Construction of the artificial lake also allows solving such problems as raising the level of ground waters on the irrigated lands and worsening of their reclamation state, overwetting and degradation of pastures in the Garagum Desert.
Turkmen scientists have rich experience in research of drain water reçyçling. From the second half of XX century, experiments on irrigation of cotton with mineralized water and restoration of saline soils were carried out. Within the last half a century, the specialists studied various aspects of use of CDW and ground waters as additional sources of irrigation while cultivation of cotton, rice, maize and sorghum. A positive effect was approved by the results of experimental-industrial tests in various soil-climatic conditions of the country.
Use of the mineralized drain water will fill in deficit of irrigation water and contribute to additional expansion of sowing areas, improvement of reclamation condition, increase of production of rice and forages. Moreover, use of CDW for irrigation of natural vegetation of desert pastures – ilak, camomile, camel’s thorn, and shorchair increases their productivity more than twice. The scientists recommend cultivating salt resistant crops – sugar and fodder beet, sorghum, Sudan grass, barley, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, grape, and semi salt resistant plants as alfalfa, mung bean, onion, cabbage and carrot.
The possibility of cultivation of halophytes on waste lands –vast takyr-type surfaces of various salinity level and gypseous deserts is being researched. According to the scientists’ assessment, intensive use of these plants for restoration of saline lands is the deed of future; since, they are unique biological tool in utilization and accumulation of salty water.
The works on restoration in Garagum of communities of bushes and saxaul woods, which availability contributes to the preservation of vulnerable desert ecosystem are underway. Elaborating the methods for protection of various engineering structures, the scientists rely on the results of researches of natural processes and complex measures on consolidation of moving sands. These measures were also outlined in realization of the project of formation of Turkmen Lake “Altyn Asyr” which is aimed at step-by-step development of sandy soils, being situated in the zone of water-fed net of collectors of the northern and southern routes. Plant growing development of sandy soils is fully carried out on the basis of modern scientific attainments in the field of regulation of water and saline routines as well as forecast of consequences of economical activity for ecology of desert.
In the recent years, a series of prospective methods of purification of collector-drain water and sewage are considered. It is of greater interest to study the capability of above water plants to take up organic substances from water while planting in patches diametrical to the direction of the polluted water stream. In this regard, the reed and macereed gave the best results. Moreover, application of similar “bio-plateau” is ecologically pure and economically cheap method as compared with others.
Another prospective technology of purification of collector-drain water and sewage is the application of sorbates worked out from local materials (modified argillite, bentonite and zeolite), which can be used for sorption cleaning of water out of pesticides and weed and pest-killer chemicals in complex and separately. It allows purifying water from 42% up to 100%. Purified water with use of sorbates can be applied repeatedly for watering of fodder crops and pond of cattle. Local materials, which provide sorbates, are widespread in various regions of Turkmenistan.
Turkmenistan is situated in the center of the Eurasian continent. So, owing to its geographical position and climatic peculiarities, our country is of great significance for various migrant birds, which flyway stretches from the arctic banks of Western and Central Siberia to Iran, Afghanistan, India and Africa. Within the limits of Turkmenistan, areas of nesting site and hibernating of many species of birds intersect. Moreover, emergence of the artificial reservoir has favorable influence on state of several species of hoofed mammals in the Central Garagum, particularly gazelle, Ustyurt argali, wild boar as well as otter, nutria and muskrat.
The project is also of socio-economic and ecological significance not only for the current generation of citizens of independent neutral Turkmenistan, but it will create unshakeable basis for stable future of our country, first of all safe from ecological viewpoint.
Realization of the project on construction of the lake contributes to the carrying the collector-drain water (CDW) off the arable lands as well as creation of reserve stock of water that is the pledge of guaranteed development of agriculture in present and future. Construction of the artificial lake also allows solving such problems as raising the level of ground waters on the irrigated lands and worsening of their reclamation state, overwetting and degradation of pastures in the Garagum Desert.
Turkmen scientists have rich experience in research of drain water reçyçling. From the second half of XX century, experiments on irrigation of cotton with mineralized water and restoration of saline soils were carried out. Within the last half a century, the specialists studied various aspects of use of CDW and ground waters as additional sources of irrigation while cultivation of cotton, rice, maize and sorghum. A positive effect was approved by the results of experimental-industrial tests in various soil-climatic conditions of the country.
Use of the mineralized drain water will fill in deficit of irrigation water and contribute to additional expansion of sowing areas, improvement of reclamation condition, increase of production of rice and forages. Moreover, use of CDW for irrigation of natural vegetation of desert pastures – ilak, camomile, camel’s thorn, and shorchair increases their productivity more than twice. The scientists recommend cultivating salt resistant crops – sugar and fodder beet, sorghum, Sudan grass, barley, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, grape, and semi salt resistant plants as alfalfa, mung bean, onion, cabbage and carrot.
The possibility of cultivation of halophytes on waste lands –vast takyr-type surfaces of various salinity level and gypseous deserts is being researched. According to the scientists’ assessment, intensive use of these plants for restoration of saline lands is the deed of future; since, they are unique biological tool in utilization and accumulation of salty water.
The works on restoration in Garagum of communities of bushes and saxaul woods, which availability contributes to the preservation of vulnerable desert ecosystem are underway. Elaborating the methods for protection of various engineering structures, the scientists rely on the results of researches of natural processes and complex measures on consolidation of moving sands. These measures were also outlined in realization of the project of formation of Turkmen Lake “Altyn Asyr” which is aimed at step-by-step development of sandy soils, being situated in the zone of water-fed net of collectors of the northern and southern routes. Plant growing development of sandy soils is fully carried out on the basis of modern scientific attainments in the field of regulation of water and saline routines as well as forecast of consequences of economical activity for ecology of desert.
In the recent years, a series of prospective methods of purification of collector-drain water and sewage are considered. It is of greater interest to study the capability of above water plants to take up organic substances from water while planting in patches diametrical to the direction of the polluted water stream. In this regard, the reed and macereed gave the best results. Moreover, application of similar “bio-plateau” is ecologically pure and economically cheap method as compared with others.
Another prospective technology of purification of collector-drain water and sewage is the application of sorbates worked out from local materials (modified argillite, bentonite and zeolite), which can be used for sorption cleaning of water out of pesticides and weed and pest-killer chemicals in complex and separately. It allows purifying water from 42% up to 100%. Purified water with use of sorbates can be applied repeatedly for watering of fodder crops and pond of cattle. Local materials, which provide sorbates, are widespread in various regions of Turkmenistan.
Turkmenistan is situated in the center of the Eurasian continent. So, owing to its geographical position and climatic peculiarities, our country is of great significance for various migrant birds, which flyway stretches from the arctic banks of Western and Central Siberia to Iran, Afghanistan, India and Africa. Within the limits of Turkmenistan, areas of nesting site and hibernating of many species of birds intersect. Moreover, emergence of the artificial reservoir has favorable influence on state of several species of hoofed mammals in the Central Garagum, particularly gazelle, Ustyurt argali, wild boar as well as otter, nutria and muskrat.
The project is also of socio-economic and ecological significance not only for the current generation of citizens of independent neutral Turkmenistan, but it will create unshakeable basis for stable future of our country, first of all safe from ecological viewpoint.
